A New and Easy Method for Planting and Growing Hybrid Fruit Trees of Mango and Custard Apple
Hybrid fruit tree cultivation has taken a revolutionary step forward with the successful experimentation and planting of mango and custard apple (Annona squamosa) hybrids. By combining the tropical sweetness of mango with the creamy, fragrant flavor of custard apple, this hybrid tree offers the best of both worlds. With the right techniques, you can now grow a mango-custard apple hybrid tree easily and efficiently in your backyard or farm. Here’s a complete guide that breaks down a new and easy method to plant and grow this unique hybrid tree.
Understanding the Hybrid
Before planting, it’s important to understand the nature of the hybrid tree. Mango (Mangifera indica) and custard apple belong to different botanical families, making natural crossbreeding extremely difficult. However, through grafting and modern propagation methods, it is now possible to grow both fruits on the same rootstock or create a hybridized tree capable of bearing both types of fruit. This process does not involve genetic modification but uses age-old horticultural techniques refined with modern understanding.
Materials Needed
To begin, you’ll need:
- Healthy mango rootstock (1-year-old seedling)
- Young custard apple scion (healthy and disease-free)
- Sharp grafting knife or blade
- Grafting tape or plastic wrap
- Natural growth stimulant (like aloe vera gel or banana solution)
- Organic compost or manure
- Watering can
- Mulching material (dry grass, coconut husk, or straw)
Step-by-Step Grafting Method
1. Prepare the Rootstock and Scion
Choose a mango rootstock that has grown for at least 8 to 12 months. It should be about the thickness of a pencil. The custard apple scion should be freshly cut from a healthy branch that is mature but not woody.
2. Perform a Cleft Graft
Make a vertical cleft (split) about 2–3 cm deep at the top of the mango rootstock. Shape the custard apple scion into a wedge so it fits snugly into the cleft. Ensure the cambium layers (the green part under the bark) of both the scion and rootstock align properly.
3. Secure the Graft
Wrap the graft union tightly using grafting tape or plastic wrap. This will protect the joint from pests, moisture, and disease. You may apply a natural stimulant like aloe vera gel or mashed banana over the joint to encourage faster healing and root-shoot formation.
4. Provide Proper Aftercare
Place the plant in a semi-shaded area for 2 weeks to avoid direct sunlight. Water gently but consistently. After 2–3 weeks, if the graft is successful, the scion will begin to sprout new leaves.
Planting in the Ground
Once the grafted plant is established (after 2–3 months), it can be transplanted into the ground.
1. Choose the Right Spot
Select a location with full sunlight (at least 6–8 hours per day), good drainage, and protection from strong winds. Mango-custard apple hybrids prefer warm tropical to subtropical climates.
2. Prepare the Planting Hole
Dig a hole 50 cm deep and 50 cm wide. Mix the topsoil with organic compost or aged manure to enrich the soil.
3. Transplant the Seedling
Carefully remove the grafted plant from the pot without disturbing the roots. Place it in the hole and cover with soil, ensuring the graft union is above ground level. Water the plant thoroughly.
4. Mulch the Base
Apply mulch around the base of the tree to retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds.
Watering and Fertilizing
- Watering: In the first few months, water the tree every 2–3 days. Once it is well established, reduce watering to twice a week unless the weather is very dry.
- Fertilizing: Use a balanced organic fertilizer every month during the growing season. Compost tea or diluted fish emulsion also works well for hybrid trees.
Pruning and Training
Prune the tree lightly to encourage strong branch structure and better air circulation. Remove dead, weak, or overlapping branches. This hybrid tree may exhibit vigorous growth due to its dual-natured root and shoot system, so regular shaping is important.
Pest and Disease Control
This hybrid tree may attract common pests such as mealybugs, aphids, and fruit flies. Use organic pesticides like neem oil spray or garlic-chili spray to manage infestations. Keep the area around the tree clean and remove any fallen fruits to reduce disease risk.
Flowering and Fruit Development
Depending on climate and care, flowering can begin within 2–3 years. You may see both mango and custard apple flowers on different branches. Due to grafting, each branch retains its original genetic makeup. Hand-pollination can help improve fruit set, especially in custard apple branches.
Harvesting
Mangoes are ready to harvest when they turn yellow and emit a sweet aroma. Custard apples should be picked when they start to turn slightly soft and have a greenish-yellow color. Use pruning shears to harvest fruits gently without damaging the branches.
Benefits of Growing Mango-Custard Apple Hybrid Trees
- Space-Saving: You get two fruits from one tree—ideal for small gardens or farms.
- Unique Flavor Experience: A delightful combination of creamy custard apple and juicy mango.
- Increased Productivity: With proper care, you can enjoy multiple harvests in a single season.
- Stronger Plant Resilience: Hybrids often show improved resistance to drought and pests.
Conclusion
The mango-custard apple hybrid fruit tree is a fantastic innovation in the world of gardening and sustainable farming. Using simple grafting techniques and organic methods, even beginner gardeners can successfully grow and enjoy this unique tree. With a little patience and the right care, you can reap the rewards of two delicious tropical fruits from one powerful plant. Try this new and easy method today, and experience the joy of hybrid fruit growing right in your backyard!
